{"containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"product": "n/a", "vendor": "n/a", "versions": [{"status": "affected", "version": "n/a"}]}], "datePublic": "2012-10-10T00:00:00.000Z", "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the Perl_repeatcpy function in util.c in Perl 5.12.x before 5.12.5, 5.14.x before 5.14.3, and 5.15.x before 15.15.5 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via the 'x' string repeat operator."}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"description": "n/a", "lang": "en", "type": "text"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"dateUpdated": "2016-12-06T18:57:01.000Z", "orgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "shortName": "mitre"}, "references": [{"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"}, {"name": "MDVSA-2013:113", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_MANDRIVA"], "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:113"}, {"name": "[perl.perl5.porters] 20121010 maint-5.12, maint-5.14, and CVE-2012-5195", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2012/10/msg193886.html"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352"}, {"name": "55314", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55314"}, {"name": "USN-1643-1", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_UBUNTU"], "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1643-1"}, {"name": "DSA-2586", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_DEBIAN"], "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2586"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121026 Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/26/2"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44"}, {"name": "56287", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_BID"], "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56287"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121027 Re: Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/27/1"}, {"name": "RHSA-2013:0685", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_REDHAT"], "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0685.html"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705"}, {"name": "51457", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51457"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735"}], "x_legacyV4Record": {"CVE_data_meta": {"ASSIGNER": "cve@mitre.org", "ID": "CVE-2012-5195", "STATE": "PUBLIC"}, "affects": {"vendor": {"vendor_data": [{"product": {"product_data": [{"product_name": "n/a", "version": {"version_data": [{"version_value": "n/a"}]}}]}, "vendor_name": "n/a"}]}}, "data_format": "MITRE", "data_type": "CVE", "data_version": "4.0", "description": {"description_data": [{"lang": "eng", "value": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the Perl_repeatcpy function in util.c in Perl 5.12.x before 5.12.5, 5.14.x before 5.14.3, and 5.15.x before 15.15.5 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via the 'x' string repeat operator."}]}, "problemtype": {"problemtype_data": [{"description": [{"lang": "eng", "value": "n/a"}]}]}, "references": {"reference_data": [{"name": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"}, {"name": "MDVSA-2013:113", "refsource": "MANDRIVA", "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:113"}, {"name": "[perl.perl5.porters] 20121010 maint-5.12, maint-5.14, and CVE-2012-5195", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2012/10/msg193886.html"}, {"name": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673"}, {"name": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352"}, {"name": "55314", "refsource": "SECUNIA", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55314"}, {"name": "USN-1643-1", "refsource": "UBUNTU", "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1643-1"}, {"name": "DSA-2586", "refsource": "DEBIAN", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2586"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121026 Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/26/2"}, {"name": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44"}, {"name": "56287", "refsource": "BID", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56287"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121027 Re: Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "refsource": "MLIST", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/27/1"}, {"name": "RHSA-2013:0685", "refsource": "REDHAT", "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0685.html"}, {"name": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705"}, {"name": "51457", "refsource": "SECUNIA", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51457"}, {"name": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735", "refsource": "CONFIRM", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735"}]}}}, "adp": [{"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-06T20:58:03.185Z"}, "title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"}, {"name": "MDVSA-2013:113", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_MANDRIVA", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:113"}, {"name": "[perl.perl5.porters] 20121010 maint-5.12, maint-5.14, and CVE-2012-5195", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2012/10/msg193886.html"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352"}, {"name": "55314", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55314"}, {"name": "USN-1643-1", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_UBUNTU", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1643-1"}, {"name": "DSA-2586", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_DEBIAN", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2586"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121026 Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/26/2"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44"}, {"name": "56287", "tags": ["vdb-entry", "x_refsource_BID", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56287"}, {"name": "[oss-security] 20121027 Re: Medium severity flaw with Perl 5", "tags": ["mailing-list", "x_refsource_MLIST", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/27/1"}, {"name": "RHSA-2013:0685", "tags": ["vendor-advisory", "x_refsource_REDHAT", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0685.html"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705"}, {"name": "51457", "tags": ["third-party-advisory", "x_refsource_SECUNIA", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51457"}, {"tags": ["x_refsource_CONFIRM", "x_transferred"], "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735"}]}]}, "cveMetadata": {"assignerOrgId": "8254265b-2729-46b6-b9e3-3dfca2d5bfca", "assignerShortName": "mitre", "cveId": "CVE-2012-5195", "datePublished": "2012-12-18T00:00:00.000Z", "dateReserved": "2012-09-28T00:00:00.000Z", "dateUpdated": "2024-08-06T20:58:03.185Z", "state": "PUBLISHED"}, "dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.1"}

{}

{"configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "9BC3F8EA-BE60-4EAB-A9B9-DB1368B5430C", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc0:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "C0D13359-AC5F-40CB-B906-8E03526CE045", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A5E92FB2-7C21-4F06-AE3F-562551A758AF", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "D213529E-33EF-43D1-A673-3C94191427D8", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E6539E09-4DC5-4C53-AFF1-70D06BBA9E7F", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "52D8DF08-AE73-4529-B212-CA31F02A719E", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "EA054FCE-FABC-4EB5-9759-F77C6F250B44", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "BB5DDFC6-4EDF-452A-B561-C9115D91FB3E", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.1:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "B1DBAB61-4BFB-4664-98CF-77C617F982A5", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.1:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8A7580C2-44DE-48E5-AC26-A221537C95D8", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "54E04A5E-BE90-4A31-8C1D-09A91DD3E7DF", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.2:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "1A52ADD6-05DE-4A16-9745-D92CD5F46502", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "CFF99954-5B94-4092-83B9-7D17EEDB30A5", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.3:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "38A25AC3-1C81-4234-8B7E-0D59EA1F103B", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.3:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "93E670B7-6956-4A13-A2A8-F675C0B093FC", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.3:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "23F1C64E-1446-409D-9F53-1C03724A10E1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.12.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "7A8E8FCF-4358-42D9-8C04-EBF78CC21583", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "8A968B30-8456-49C2-A9B0-6CF55CB3C7B4", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "66BF9787-C734-43DA-B8BF-FF6D6F4E802A", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "D94BF151-572F-4C50-8E47-9B8BCDD16A77", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "5114F054-E5AF-4905-83DD-459E1D56B5DE", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "91B91435-67DA-49E1-A37F-7839728F17BC", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:perl:perl:5.14.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "851028B9-65A4-4A4F-9C40-930B0B9A8797", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Heap-based buffer overflow in the Perl_repeatcpy function in util.c in Perl 5.12.x before 5.12.5, 5.14.x before 5.14.3, and 5.15.x before 15.15.5 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via the 'x' string repeat operator."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Desbordamiento de bufer en memoria din\u00e1mica en la funci\u00f3n Perl_repeatcpy en util.c en Perl v5.12.x antes de v5.12.5, v5.14.x antes de v5.14.3, y v5.15.x antes de v5.15.5 permite a atacantes dependientes de contexto provocar una denegaci\u00f3n de servicio (consumo de memoria y ca\u00edda) o posiblemente ejecutar c\u00f3digo arbitrario mediante el operador 'x' string repeat."}], "id": "CVE-2012-5195", "lastModified": "2026-04-29T01:13:23.040", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV2": [{"acInsufInfo": false, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "cvssData": {"accessComplexity": "LOW", "accessVector": "NETWORK", "authentication": "NONE", "availabilityImpact": "PARTIAL", "baseScore": 7.5, "confidentialityImpact": "PARTIAL", "integrityImpact": "PARTIAL", "vectorString": "AV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "version": "2.0"}, "exploitabilityScore": 10.0, "impactScore": 6.4, "obtainAllPrivilege": false, "obtainOtherPrivilege": false, "obtainUserPrivilege": false, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary", "userInteractionRequired": false}]}, "published": "2012-12-18T00:55:01.587", "references": [{"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Patch", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0685.html"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51457"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55314"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2586"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:113"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2012/10/msg193886.html"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/26/2"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/27/1"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56287"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1643-1"}, {"source": "cve@mitre.org", "url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10673"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10705"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://kb.juniper.net/InfoCenter/index?page=content&id=JSA10735"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Patch", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://perl5.git.perl.org/perl.git/commit/2709980d5a193ce6f3a16f0d19879a6560dcde44"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2013-0685.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Vendor Advisory"], "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/51457"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://secunia.com/advisories/55314"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.debian.org/security/2012/dsa-2586"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.mandriva.com/security/advisories?name=MDVSA-2013:113"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.nntp.perl.org/group/perl.perl5.porters/2012/10/msg193886.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/26/2"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2012/10/27/1"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/security/ovmbulletinjul2016-3090546.html"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/56287"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "http://www.ubuntu.com/usn/USN-1643-1"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://wiki.mageia.org/en/Support/Advisories/MGASA-2012-0352"}], "sourceIdentifier": "cve@mitre.org", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-119"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"acknowledgement": "Red Hat would like to thank Perl project for reporting this issue. Upstream acknowledges Tim Brown as the original reporter.", "affected_release": [{"advisory": "RHSA-2013:0685", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:5", "package": "perl-4:5.8.8-40.el5_9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5", "release_date": "2013-03-26T00:00:00Z"}, {"advisory": "RHSA-2013:0685", "cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "package": "perl-4:5.10.1-130.el6_4", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6", "release_date": "2013-03-26T00:00:00Z"}], "bugzilla": {"description": "perl: heap buffer overrun flaw may lead to arbitrary code execution", "id": "862413", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=862413"}, "csaw": false, "cvss": {"cvss_base_score": "5.1", "cvss_scoring_vector": "AV:N/AC:H/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P", "status": "verified"}, "details": ["Heap-based buffer overflow in the Perl_repeatcpy function in util.c in Perl 5.12.x before 5.12.5, 5.14.x before 5.14.3, and 5.15.x before 15.15.5 allows context-dependent attackers to cause a denial of service (memory consumption and crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via the 'x' string repeat operator."], "name": "CVE-2012-5195", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:4", "fix_state": "Will not fix", "package_name": "perl", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4"}], "public_date": "2012-10-10T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2012-5195\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2012-5195"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{}