{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-31651", "assignerOrgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "apache", "dateReserved": "2025-03-31T12:25:25.164Z", "datePublished": "2025-04-28T19:17:21.721Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:59.801Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"affected": [{"defaultStatus": "unaffected", "product": "Apache Tomcat", "vendor": "Apache Software Foundation", "versions": [{"lessThanOrEqual": "11.0.5", "status": "affected", "version": "11.0.0-M1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "10.1.39", "status": "affected", "version": "10.1.0-M1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "9.0.102", "status": "affected", "version": "9.0.0.M1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "8.5.100", "status": "affected", "version": "8.5.0", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThan": "8.5.0", "status": "unknown", "version": "8.0.0.RC1", "versionType": "semver"}, {"lessThanOrEqual": "10.0.27", "status": "unknown", "version": "10.0.0-M1", "versionType": "semver"}]}], "credits": [{"lang": "en", "type": "finder", "value": "COSCO Shipping Lines DIC"}], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "supportingMedia": [{"base64": false, "type": "text/html", "value": "<p>Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.&nbsp;For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.</p><p>This issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.<br>The following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.<br></p><p>Users are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.</p>"}], "value": "Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.\u00a0For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue."}], "metrics": [{"other": {"content": {"text": "low"}, "type": "Textual description of severity"}}], "problemTypes": [{"descriptions": [{"cweId": "CWE-116", "description": "CWE-116 Improper Encoding or Escaping of Output", "lang": "en", "type": "CWE"}]}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "f0158376-9dc2-43b6-827c-5f631a4d8d09", "shortName": "apache", "dateUpdated": "2025-10-29T11:46:27.496Z"}, "references": [{"tags": ["vendor-advisory"], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org"}], "source": {"discovery": "EXTERNAL"}, "title": "Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve", "x_generator": {"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"}}, "adp": [{"title": "CVE Program Container", "references": [{"url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3"}, {"url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"}], "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "shortName": "CVE", "dateUpdated": "2025-11-03T19:53:12.871Z"}}, {"metrics": [{"cvssV3_1": {"scope": "UNCHANGED", "version": "3.1", "baseScore": 9.8, "attackVector": "NETWORK", "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "userInteraction": "NONE", "attackComplexity": "LOW", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH"}}, {"other": {"type": "ssvc", "content": {"id": "CVE-2025-31651", "role": "CISA Coordinator", "options": [{"Exploitation": "none"}, {"Automatable": "yes"}, {"Technical Impact": "total"}], "version": "2.0.3", "timestamp": "2025-07-30T03:55:44.862157Z"}}}], "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment", "providerMetadata": {"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "shortName": "CISA-ADP", "dateUpdated": "2026-02-26T18:27:59.801Z"}}]}}

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{"configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "BB09D245-9455-444D-8265-743642DD53C9", "versionEndExcluding": "9.0.104", "versionStartIncluding": "9.0.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "E5BD6C26-75CE-4DDC-BF4D-5A5187BD4CAF", "versionEndExcluding": "10.1.40", "versionStartIncluding": "10.1.0", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:a:apache:tomcat:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "9331B3B3-C3C4-4D12-BE11-043F6614B2D3", "versionEndExcluding": "11.0.6", "versionStartIncluding": "11.0.0", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.\u00a0For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "Vulnerabilidad de neutralizaci\u00f3n incorrecta de secuencias de escape, metadatos o de control en Apache Tomcat. En un subconjunto de configuraciones improbables de reglas de reescritura, una solicitud especialmente manipulada pod\u00eda eludir algunas reglas de reescritura. Si dichas reglas aplicaban restricciones de seguridad de forma eficaz, estas pod\u00edan eludirse. Este problema afecta a Apache Tomcat: de la 11.0.0-M1 a la 11.0.5, de la 10.1.0-M1 a la 10.1.39 y de la 9.0.0.M1 a la 9.0.102. Se recomienda a los usuarios actualizar a la versi\u00f3n [FIXED_VERSION], que soluciona el problema."}], "id": "CVE-2025-31651", "lastModified": "2025-11-03T20:18:25.927", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}, {"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "NETWORK", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 9.8, "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "NONE", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 3.9, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0", "type": "Secondary"}]}, "published": "2025-04-28T20:15:20.783", "references": [{"source": "security@apache.org", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Vendor Advisory"], "url": "https://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "tags": ["Mailing List", "Third Party Advisory"], "url": "http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/28/3"}, {"source": "af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108", "url": "https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00009.html"}], "sourceIdentifier": "security@apache.org", "vulnStatus": "Modified", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-116"}], "source": "security@apache.org", "type": "Secondary"}, {"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-116"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Secondary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "tomcat: Apache Tomcat: Bypass of rules in Rewrite Valve", "id": "2362782", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2362782"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.3", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-150", "details": ["Improper Neutralization of Escape, Meta, or Control Sequences vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.\u00a0For a subset of unlikely rewrite rule configurations, it was possible \nfor a specially crafted request to bypass some rewrite rules. If those \nrewrite rules effectively enforced security constraints, those \nconstraints could be bypassed.\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.5, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.39, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.102.\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version [FIXED_VERSION], which fixes the issue.", "A flaw was found in Apache Tomcat's rewrite rule processing component. This vulnerability allows security constraints to be bypassed via specially crafted HTTP requests when specific, uncommon rewrite rule configurations are in use."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "No mitigation is currently available that meets Red Hat Product Security\u2019s standards for usability, deployment, applicability, or stability."}, "name": "CVE-2025-31651", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "tomcat9", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "tomcat6", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "pki-deps:10.6/pki-servlet-engine", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "pki-servlet-engine", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:5", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Web Server 5"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_web_server:6", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "tomcat", "product_name": "Red Hat JBoss Web Server 6"}], "public_date": "2025-04-28T19:17:21Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-31651\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-31651\nhttps://lists.apache.org/list.html?announce@tomcat.apache.org"], "statement": "This vulnerability is rated as Low severity because it only manifests under a narrow set of conditions involving uncommon and non-default rewrite rule configurations that rely on specific patterns in the raw requestURI, including path parameters. In most deployments, rewrite rules operate on decoded and normalized URIs or are used for non-security-critical purposes like routing. Furthermore, Tomcat\u2019s internal processing already normalizes and removes path parameters (;-delimited) before applying security constraints, meaning any bypass would only be feasible if the rewrite logic directly enforced security (which is a poor practice). The flaw does not allow direct code execution, data leakage, or privilege escalation unless the rewrite rule was explicitly misused as a substitute for proper access control. \nIts impact is further mitigated by the fact that rewrite rules are not typically relied upon for access enforcement. As such, while the bug may lead to incorrect rule evaluation under certain edge-case configurations, it does not represent a significant security risk in practice.", "threat_severity": "Low"}

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