Description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping

Yi Lai reported an issue ([1]) where the following warning appears
in kernel dmesg:
[ 60.643604] verifier backtracking bug
[ 60.643635] WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 2315 at kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4302 __mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10
[ 60.648428] Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE)
[ 60.650471] CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 2315 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G OE 6.15.0-rc4-gef11287f8289-dirty #327 PREEMPT(full)
[ 60.654385] Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE
[ 60.656682] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014
[ 60.660475] RIP: 0010:__mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10
[ 60.662814] Code: 5a 30 84 89 ea e8 c4 d9 01 00 80 3d 3e 7d d8 04 00 0f 85 60 fa ff ff c6 05 31 7d d8 04
01 48 c7 c7 00 58 30 84 e8 c4 06 a5 ff <0f> 0b e9 46 fa ff ff 48 ...
[ 60.668720] RSP: 0018:ffff888116cc7298 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 60.671075] RAX: 54d70e82dfd31900 RBX: ffff888115b65e20 RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 60.673659] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 00000000ffffffff
[ 60.676241] RBP: 0000000000000400 R08: ffff8881f6f23bd3 R09: 1ffff1103ede477a
[ 60.678787] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ede477b R12: ffff888115b60ae8
[ 60.681420] R13: 1ffff11022b6cbc4 R14: 00000000fffffff2 R15: 0000000000000001
[ 60.684030] FS: 00007fc2aedd80c0(0000) GS:ffff88826fa8a000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 60.686837] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 60.689027] CR2: 000056325369e000 CR3: 000000011088b002 CR4: 0000000000370ef0
[ 60.691623] Call Trace:
[ 60.692821] <TASK>
[ 60.693960] ? __pfx_verbose+0x10/0x10
[ 60.695656] ? __pfx_disasm_kfunc_name+0x10/0x10
[ 60.697495] check_cond_jmp_op+0x16f7/0x39b0
[ 60.699237] do_check+0x58fa/0xab10
...

Further analysis shows the warning is at line 4302 as below:

4294 /* static subprog call instruction, which
4295 * means that we are exiting current subprog,
4296 * so only r1-r5 could be still requested as
4297 * precise, r0 and r6-r10 or any stack slot in
4298 * the current frame should be zero by now
4299 */
4300 if (bt_reg_mask(bt) & ~BPF_REGMASK_ARGS) {
4301 verbose(env, "BUG regs %x\n", bt_reg_mask(bt));
4302 WARN_ONCE(1, "verifier backtracking bug");
4303 return -EFAULT;
4304 }

With the below test (also in the next patch):
__used __naked static void __bpf_jmp_r10(void)
{
asm volatile (
"r2 = 2314885393468386424 ll;"
"goto +0;"
"if r2 <= r10 goto +3;"
"if r1 >= -1835016 goto +0;"
"if r2 <= 8 goto +0;"
"if r3 <= 0 goto +0;"
"exit;"
::: __clobber_all);
}

SEC("?raw_tp")
__naked void bpf_jmp_r10(void)
{
asm volatile (
"r3 = 0 ll;"
"call __bpf_jmp_r10;"
"r0 = 0;"
"exit;"
::: __clobber_all);
}

The following is the verifier failure log:
0: (18) r3 = 0x0 ; R3_w=0
2: (85) call pc+2
caller:
R10=fp0
callee:
frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0
5: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0
; asm volatile (" \ @ verifier_precision.c:184
5: (18) r2 = 0x20202000256c6c78 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78
7: (05) goto pc+0
8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 R10=fp0
9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0 ; frame1: R1=ctx()
10: (b5) if r2 <= 0x8 goto pc+0
mark_precise: frame1: last_idx 10 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1
mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0
mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3
mark_preci
---truncated---
Published: 2025-07-10
Score: 7.8 High
EPSS: < 1% Very Low
KEV: No
Impact: n/a
Action: n/a
AI Analysis

Analysis and contextual insights are available on OpenCVE Cloud.

Remediation

No vendor fix or workaround currently provided.

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Tracking

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Advisories
Source ID Title
EUVD EUVD EUVD-2025-20969 In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping Yi Lai reported an issue ([1]) where the following warning appears in kernel dmesg: [ 60.643604] verifier backtracking bug [ 60.643635] WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 2315 at kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4302 __mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10 [ 60.648428] Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE) [ 60.650471] CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 2315 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G OE 6.15.0-rc4-gef11287f8289-dirty #327 PREEMPT(full) [ 60.654385] Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE [ 60.656682] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 60.660475] RIP: 0010:__mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10 [ 60.662814] Code: 5a 30 84 89 ea e8 c4 d9 01 00 80 3d 3e 7d d8 04 00 0f 85 60 fa ff ff c6 05 31 7d d8 04 01 48 c7 c7 00 58 30 84 e8 c4 06 a5 ff <0f> 0b e9 46 fa ff ff 48 ... [ 60.668720] RSP: 0018:ffff888116cc7298 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 60.671075] RAX: 54d70e82dfd31900 RBX: ffff888115b65e20 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 60.673659] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 00000000ffffffff [ 60.676241] RBP: 0000000000000400 R08: ffff8881f6f23bd3 R09: 1ffff1103ede477a [ 60.678787] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ede477b R12: ffff888115b60ae8 [ 60.681420] R13: 1ffff11022b6cbc4 R14: 00000000fffffff2 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 60.684030] FS: 00007fc2aedd80c0(0000) GS:ffff88826fa8a000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 60.686837] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 60.689027] CR2: 000056325369e000 CR3: 000000011088b002 CR4: 0000000000370ef0 [ 60.691623] Call Trace: [ 60.692821] <TASK> [ 60.693960] ? __pfx_verbose+0x10/0x10 [ 60.695656] ? __pfx_disasm_kfunc_name+0x10/0x10 [ 60.697495] check_cond_jmp_op+0x16f7/0x39b0 [ 60.699237] do_check+0x58fa/0xab10 ... Further analysis shows the warning is at line 4302 as below: 4294 /* static subprog call instruction, which 4295 * means that we are exiting current subprog, 4296 * so only r1-r5 could be still requested as 4297 * precise, r0 and r6-r10 or any stack slot in 4298 * the current frame should be zero by now 4299 */ 4300 if (bt_reg_mask(bt) & ~BPF_REGMASK_ARGS) { 4301 verbose(env, "BUG regs %x\n", bt_reg_mask(bt)); 4302 WARN_ONCE(1, "verifier backtracking bug"); 4303 return -EFAULT; 4304 } With the below test (also in the next patch): __used __naked static void __bpf_jmp_r10(void) { asm volatile ( "r2 = 2314885393468386424 ll;" "goto +0;" "if r2 <= r10 goto +3;" "if r1 >= -1835016 goto +0;" "if r2 <= 8 goto +0;" "if r3 <= 0 goto +0;" "exit;" ::: __clobber_all); } SEC("?raw_tp") __naked void bpf_jmp_r10(void) { asm volatile ( "r3 = 0 ll;" "call __bpf_jmp_r10;" "r0 = 0;" "exit;" ::: __clobber_all); } The following is the verifier failure log: 0: (18) r3 = 0x0 ; R3_w=0 2: (85) call pc+2 caller: R10=fp0 callee: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0 5: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0 ; asm volatile (" \ @ verifier_precision.c:184 5: (18) r2 = 0x20202000256c6c78 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 7: (05) goto pc+0 8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 R10=fp0 9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0 ; frame1: R1=ctx() 10: (b5) if r2 <= 0x8 goto pc+0 mark_precise: frame1: last_idx 10 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0 mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3 mark_preci ---truncated---
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7769-1 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7769-2 Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7769-3 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7770-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7771-1 Linux kernel (OEM) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7789-1 Linux kernel (Oracle) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-7789-2 Linux kernel (Raspberry Pi) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-1 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-2 Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8031-1 Linux kernel (GCP) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-3 Linux kernel (Real-time) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-4 Linux kernel (FIPS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-5 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8031-2 Linux kernel (GCP FIPS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-6 Linux kernel (HWE) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8031-3 Linux kernel vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8052-1 Linux kernel (Low Latency) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-7 Linux kernel (Low Latency NVIDIA) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8028-8 Linux kernel (IBM) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8052-2 Linux kernel (Xilinx) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8074-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8074-2 Linux kernel (Azure FIPS) vulnerabilities
Ubuntu USN Ubuntu USN USN-8126-1 Linux kernel (Azure) vulnerabilities
History

Mon, 26 Jan 2026 21:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Weaknesses NVD-CWE-noinfo
CPEs cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Metrics cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

cvssV3_1

{'score': 7.8, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H'}


Wed, 16 Jul 2025 13:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics epss

{'score': 0.00025}

epss

{'score': 0.00033}


Sat, 12 Jul 2025 00:15:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
References
Metrics threat_severity

None

cvssV3_1

{'score': 5.5, 'vector': 'CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H'}

threat_severity

Low


Fri, 11 Jul 2025 13:45:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Metrics epss

{'score': 0.00018}

epss

{'score': 0.00025}


Thu, 10 Jul 2025 14:30:00 +0000


Thu, 10 Jul 2025 08:00:00 +0000

Type Values Removed Values Added
Description In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping Yi Lai reported an issue ([1]) where the following warning appears in kernel dmesg: [ 60.643604] verifier backtracking bug [ 60.643635] WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 2315 at kernel/bpf/verifier.c:4302 __mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10 [ 60.648428] Modules linked in: bpf_testmod(OE) [ 60.650471] CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 2315 Comm: test_progs Tainted: G OE 6.15.0-rc4-gef11287f8289-dirty #327 PREEMPT(full) [ 60.654385] Tainted: [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE [ 60.656682] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a1990b-prebuilt.qemu.org 04/01/2014 [ 60.660475] RIP: 0010:__mark_chain_precision+0x3a6c/0x3e10 [ 60.662814] Code: 5a 30 84 89 ea e8 c4 d9 01 00 80 3d 3e 7d d8 04 00 0f 85 60 fa ff ff c6 05 31 7d d8 04 01 48 c7 c7 00 58 30 84 e8 c4 06 a5 ff <0f> 0b e9 46 fa ff ff 48 ... [ 60.668720] RSP: 0018:ffff888116cc7298 EFLAGS: 00010246 [ 60.671075] RAX: 54d70e82dfd31900 RBX: ffff888115b65e20 RCX: 0000000000000000 [ 60.673659] RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000004 RDI: 00000000ffffffff [ 60.676241] RBP: 0000000000000400 R08: ffff8881f6f23bd3 R09: 1ffff1103ede477a [ 60.678787] R10: dffffc0000000000 R11: ffffed103ede477b R12: ffff888115b60ae8 [ 60.681420] R13: 1ffff11022b6cbc4 R14: 00000000fffffff2 R15: 0000000000000001 [ 60.684030] FS: 00007fc2aedd80c0(0000) GS:ffff88826fa8a000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000 [ 60.686837] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033 [ 60.689027] CR2: 000056325369e000 CR3: 000000011088b002 CR4: 0000000000370ef0 [ 60.691623] Call Trace: [ 60.692821] <TASK> [ 60.693960] ? __pfx_verbose+0x10/0x10 [ 60.695656] ? __pfx_disasm_kfunc_name+0x10/0x10 [ 60.697495] check_cond_jmp_op+0x16f7/0x39b0 [ 60.699237] do_check+0x58fa/0xab10 ... Further analysis shows the warning is at line 4302 as below: 4294 /* static subprog call instruction, which 4295 * means that we are exiting current subprog, 4296 * so only r1-r5 could be still requested as 4297 * precise, r0 and r6-r10 or any stack slot in 4298 * the current frame should be zero by now 4299 */ 4300 if (bt_reg_mask(bt) & ~BPF_REGMASK_ARGS) { 4301 verbose(env, "BUG regs %x\n", bt_reg_mask(bt)); 4302 WARN_ONCE(1, "verifier backtracking bug"); 4303 return -EFAULT; 4304 } With the below test (also in the next patch): __used __naked static void __bpf_jmp_r10(void) { asm volatile ( "r2 = 2314885393468386424 ll;" "goto +0;" "if r2 <= r10 goto +3;" "if r1 >= -1835016 goto +0;" "if r2 <= 8 goto +0;" "if r3 <= 0 goto +0;" "exit;" ::: __clobber_all); } SEC("?raw_tp") __naked void bpf_jmp_r10(void) { asm volatile ( "r3 = 0 ll;" "call __bpf_jmp_r10;" "r0 = 0;" "exit;" ::: __clobber_all); } The following is the verifier failure log: 0: (18) r3 = 0x0 ; R3_w=0 2: (85) call pc+2 caller: R10=fp0 callee: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0 5: frame1: R1=ctx() R3_w=0 R10=fp0 ; asm volatile (" \ @ verifier_precision.c:184 5: (18) r2 = 0x20202000256c6c78 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 7: (05) goto pc+0 8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3 ; frame1: R2_w=0x20202000256c6c78 R10=fp0 9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0 ; frame1: R1=ctx() 10: (b5) if r2 <= 0x8 goto pc+0 mark_precise: frame1: last_idx 10 first_idx 0 subseq_idx -1 mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 9: (35) if r1 >= 0xffe3fff8 goto pc+0 mark_precise: frame1: regs=r2 stack= before 8: (bd) if r2 <= r10 goto pc+3 mark_preci ---truncated---
Title bpf: Do not include stack ptr register in precision backtracking bookkeeping
References

Subscriptions

Linux Linux Kernel
cve-icon MITRE

Status: PUBLISHED

Assigner: Linux

Published:

Updated: 2026-05-23T15:59:20.262Z

Reserved: 2025-04-16T04:51:23.998Z

Link: CVE-2025-38279

cve-icon Vulnrichment

No data.

cve-icon NVD

Status : Analyzed

Published: 2025-07-10T08:15:26.240

Modified: 2026-03-17T13:38:01.027

Link: CVE-2025-38279

cve-icon Redhat

Severity : Low

Publid Date: 2025-07-10T00:00:00Z

Links: CVE-2025-38279 - Bugzilla

cve-icon OpenCVE Enrichment

Updated: 2025-07-13T11:06:32Z

Weaknesses