{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2025-40120", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2025-04-16T07:20:57.169Z", "datePublished": "2025-11-12T10:23:18.726Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:43:02.326Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"], "versions": [{"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "4a2c7217cd5a87e85ceb761e307b030fe6db4805", "lessThan": "3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["drivers/net/usb/asix_devices.c"], "versions": [{"version": "5.14", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "5.14", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "5.15.195", "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.156", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.112", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.53", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.17.3", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.17.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.195"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.156"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.112"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.53"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.17.3"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "5.14", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"}], "title": "net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

{}

{"cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\n\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\n\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\n\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\n\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\n\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."}], "id": "CVE-2025-40120", "lastModified": "2026-04-15T00:35:42.020", "metrics": {}, "published": "2025-11-12T11:15:41.430", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1534517300e12f2930b6ff477b8820ff658afd11"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3d3c4cd5c62f24bb3cb4511b7a95df707635e00a"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3e96cd27ff1a004d84908c1b6cc68ac60913874e"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71a0ba7fdaf8d035426912a4ed7bf1738a81010c"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/724a9db84188f80ef60b1f21cc7b4e9c84e0cb64"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9d8bcaf6fae1bd82bc27ec09a2694497e6f6c4b4"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Deferred"}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: net: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock", "id": "2414469", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2414469"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\nnet: usb: asix: hold PM usage ref to avoid PM/MDIO + RTNL deadlock\nPrevent USB runtime PM (autosuspend) for AX88772* in bind.\nusbnet enables runtime PM (autosuspend) by default, so disabling it via\nthe usb_driver flag is ineffective. On AX88772B, autosuspend shows no\nmeasurable power saving with current driver (no link partner, admin\nup/down). The ~0.453 W -> ~0.248 W drop on v6.1 comes from phylib powering\nthe PHY off on admin-down, not from USB autosuspend.\nThe real hazard is that with runtime PM enabled, ndo_open() (under RTNL)\nmay synchronously trigger autoresume (usb_autopm_get_interface()) into\nasix_resume() while the USB PM lock is held. Resume paths then invoke\nphylink/phylib and MDIO, which also expect RTNL, leading to possible\ndeadlocks or PM lock vs MDIO wake issues.\nTo avoid this, keep the device runtime-PM active by taking a usage\nreference in ax88772_bind() and dropping it in unbind(). A non-zero PM\nusage count blocks runtime suspend regardless of userspace policy\n(.../power/control - pm_runtime_allow/forbid), making this approach\nrobust against sysfs overrides.\nHolding a runtime-PM usage ref does not affect system-wide suspend;\nsystem sleep/resume callbacks continue to run as before."], "name": "CVE-2025-40120", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2025-11-12T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-40120\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-40120\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2025111252-CVE-2025-40120-8b68@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"created": "2025-11-12T22:12:47.630118+00:00", "updated": "2025-11-12T22:12:47.630144+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}