{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-23025", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:45.941Z", "datePublished": "2026-01-31T11:42:04.426Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:58:33.114Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T21:58:33.114Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nmm/page_alloc: prevent pcp corruption with SMP=n\n\nThe kernel test robot has reported:\n\n BUG: spinlock trylock failure on UP on CPU#0, kcompactd0/28\n lock: 0xffff888807e35ef0, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: kcompactd0/28, .owner_cpu: 0\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 28 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 6.18.0-rc5-00127-ga06157804399 #1 PREEMPT 8cc09ef94dcec767faa911515ce9e609c45db470\n Call Trace:\n <IRQ>\n __dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:95)\n dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:123)\n dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:130)\n spin_dump (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:71)\n do_raw_spin_trylock (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:?)\n _raw_spin_trylock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:89 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:138)\n __free_frozen_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2973)\n ___free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5295)\n __free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5334)\n tlb_remove_table_rcu (include/linux/mm.h:? include/linux/mm.h:3122 include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 mm/mmu_gather.c:227 mm/mmu_gather.c:290)\n ? __cfi_tlb_remove_table_rcu (mm/mmu_gather.c:289)\n ? rcu_core (kernel/rcu/tree.c:?)\n rcu_core (include/linux/rcupdate.h:341 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2607 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2861)\n rcu_core_si (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2879)\n handle_softirqs (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 include/trace/events/irq.h:142 kernel/softirq.c:623)\n __irq_exit_rcu (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 kernel/softirq.c:725)\n irq_exit_rcu (kernel/softirq.c:741)\n sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052)\n </IRQ>\n <TASK>\n RIP: 0010:_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:95 include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:152 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)\n free_pcppages_bulk (mm/page_alloc.c:1494)\n drain_pages_zone (include/linux/spinlock.h:391 mm/page_alloc.c:2632)\n __drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2731)\n drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2747)\n kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3115)\n kthread (kernel/kthread.c:465)\n ? __cfi_kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3166)\n ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:164)\n ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:255)\n </TASK>\n\nMatthew has analyzed the report and identified that in drain_page_zone()\nwe are in a section protected by spin_lock(&pcp->lock) and then get an\ninterrupt that attempts spin_trylock() on the same lock. The code is\ndesigned to work this way without disabling IRQs and occasionally fail the\ntrylock with a fallback. However, the SMP=n spinlock implementation\nassumes spin_trylock() will always succeed, and thus it's normally a\nno-op. Here the enabled lock debugging catches the problem, but otherwise\nit could cause a corruption of the pcp structure.\n\nThe problem has been introduced by commit 574907741599 (\"mm/page_alloc:\nleave IRQs enabled for per-cpu page allocations\"). The pcp locking scheme\nrecognizes the need for disabling IRQs to prevent nesting spin_trylock()\nsections on SMP=n, but the need to prevent the nesting in spin_lock() has\nnot been recognized. Fix it by introducing local wrappers that change the\nspin_lock() to spin_lock_iqsave() with SMP=n and use them in all places\nthat do spin_lock(&pcp->lock).\n\n[vbabka@suse.cz: add pcp_ prefix to the spin_lock_irqsave wrappers, per Steven]"}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["mm/page_alloc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "d1da921452b3ee7e07383c12955ab1c6f3b08752", "lessThan": "68688fc4eab007834b4c2d740214423ba2a335a8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d", "lessThan": "4a04ff9cd816e7346fcc8126f00ed80481f6569d", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d", "lessThan": "df63d31e9ae02e2f6cd96147779e4ed7cd0e75f6", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d", "lessThan": "3098f8f7c7b0686c74827aec42a2c45e69801ff8", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "5749077415994eb02d660b2559b9d8278521e73d", "lessThan": "038a102535eb49e10e93eafac54352fcc5d78847", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["mm/page_alloc.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.2", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.2", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.1.162", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.6.122", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.67", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.1.57", "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.162"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2", "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.122"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.67"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.2", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68688fc4eab007834b4c2d740214423ba2a335a8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a04ff9cd816e7346fcc8126f00ed80481f6569d"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df63d31e9ae02e2f6cd96147779e4ed7cd0e75f6"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3098f8f7c7b0686c74827aec42a2c45e69801ff8"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/038a102535eb49e10e93eafac54352fcc5d78847"}], "title": "mm/page_alloc: prevent pcp corruption with SMP=n", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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The code is\ndesigned to work this way without disabling IRQs and occasionally fail the\ntrylock with a fallback. However, the SMP=n spinlock implementation\nassumes spin_trylock() will always succeed, and thus it's normally a\nno-op. Here the enabled lock debugging catches the problem, but otherwise\nit could cause a corruption of the pcp structure.\n\nThe problem has been introduced by commit 574907741599 (\"mm/page_alloc:\nleave IRQs enabled for per-cpu page allocations\"). The pcp locking scheme\nrecognizes the need for disabling IRQs to prevent nesting spin_trylock()\nsections on SMP=n, but the need to prevent the nesting in spin_lock() has\nnot been recognized. Fix it by introducing local wrappers that change the\nspin_lock() to spin_lock_iqsave() with SMP=n and use them in all places\nthat do spin_lock(&pcp->lock).\n\n[vbabka@suse.cz: add pcp_ prefix to the spin_lock_irqsave wrappers, per Steven]"}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nmm/page_alloc: evitar la corrupci\u00f3n de pcp con SMP=n\n\nEl robot de pruebas del kernel ha informado:\n\n BUG: spinlock trylock failure on UP on CPU#0, kcompactd0/28\n lock: 0xffff888807e35ef0, .magic: dead4ead, .owner: kcompactd0/28, .owner_cpu: 0\n CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 28 Comm: kcompactd0 Not tainted 6.18.0-rc5-00127-ga06157804399 #1 PREEMPT 8cc09ef94dcec767faa911515ce9e609c45db470\n Call Trace:\n \n __dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:95)\n dump_stack_lvl (lib/dump_stack.c:123)\n dump_stack (lib/dump_stack.c:130)\n spin_dump (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:71)\n do_raw_spin_trylock (kernel/locking/spinlock_debug.c:?)\n _raw_spin_trylock (include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:89 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:138)\n __free_frozen_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2973)\n ___free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5295)\n __free_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:5334)\n tlb_remove_table_rcu (include/linux/mm.h:? include/linux/mm.h:3122 include/asm-generic/tlb.h:220 mm/mmu_gather.c:227 mm/mmu_gather.c:290)\n ? __cfi_tlb_remove_table_rcu (mm/mmu_gather.c:289)\n ? rcu_core (kernel/rcu/tree.c:?)\n rcu_core (include/linux/rcupdate.h:341 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2607 kernel/rcu/tree.c:2861)\n rcu_core_si (kernel/rcu/tree.c:2879)\n handle_softirqs (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 include/trace/events/irq.h:142 kernel/softirq.c:623)\n __irq_exit_rcu (arch/x86/include/asm/jump_label.h:36 kernel/softirq.c:725)\n irq_exit_rcu (kernel/softirq.c:741)\n sysvec_apic_timer_interrupt (arch/x86/kernel/apic/apic.c:1052)\n \n \n RIP: 0010:_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore (arch/x86/include/asm/preempt.h:95 include/linux/spinlock_api_smp.h:152 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:194)\n free_pcppages_bulk (mm/page_alloc.c:1494)\n drain_pages_zone (include/linux/spinlock.h:391 mm/page_alloc.c:2632)\n __drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2731)\n drain_all_pages (mm/page_alloc.c:2747)\n kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3115)\n kthread (kernel/kthread.c:465)\n ? __cfi_kcompactd (mm/compaction.c:3166)\n ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n ret_from_fork (arch/x86/kernel/process.c:164)\n ? __cfi_kthread (kernel/kthread.c:412)\n ret_from_fork_asm (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:255)\n \n\nMatthew ha analizado el informe y ha identificado que en drain_page_zone() estamos en una secci\u00f3n protegida por spin_lock(&amp;pcp-&gt;lock) y luego recibimos una interrupci\u00f3n que intenta spin_trylock() en el mismo bloqueo. El c\u00f3digo est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para funcionar de esta manera sin deshabilitar las IRQ y ocasionalmente fallar el trylock con un mecanismo de respaldo. Sin embargo, la implementaci\u00f3n de spinlock con SMP=n asume que spin_trylock() siempre tendr\u00e1 \u00e9xito, y por lo tanto, normalmente es una operaci\u00f3n nula. Aqu\u00ed, la depuraci\u00f3n de bloqueo habilitada detecta el problema, pero de lo contrario podr\u00eda causar una corrupci\u00f3n de la estructura pcp.\n\nEl problema ha sido introducido por el commit 574907741599 ('mm/page_alloc: dejar las IRQ habilitadas para las asignaciones de p\u00e1ginas por CPU'). El esquema de bloqueo de pcp reconoce la necesidad de deshabilitar las IRQ para evitar el anidamiento de secciones spin_trylock() en SMP=n, pero la necesidad de evitar el anidamiento en spin_lock() no ha sido reconocida. Solucionarlo introduciendo envoltorios locales que cambian el spin_lock() a spin_lock_iqsave() con SMP=n y us\u00e1ndolos en todos los lugares que realizan spin_lock(&amp;pcp-&gt;lock).\n\n[vbabka@suse.cz: a\u00f1adir el prefijo pcp_ a los envoltorios spin_lock_irqsave, seg\u00fan Steven]"}], "id": "CVE-2026-23025", "lastModified": "2026-03-25T16:04:16.947", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2026-01-31T12:16:05.820", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/038a102535eb49e10e93eafac54352fcc5d78847"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3098f8f7c7b0686c74827aec42a2c45e69801ff8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4a04ff9cd816e7346fcc8126f00ed80481f6569d"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/68688fc4eab007834b4c2d740214423ba2a335a8"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/df63d31e9ae02e2f6cd96147779e4ed7cd0e75f6"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "NVD-CWE-noinfo"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: mm/page_alloc: prevent pcp corruption with SMP=n", "id": "2435664", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2435664"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "7.0", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "details": ["No description is available for this CVE."], "name": "CVE-2026-23025", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Out of support scope", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-01-31T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23025\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23025\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026013119-CVE-2026-23025-ab02@gregkh/T"], "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-18T14:25:01.238522+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Update the Linux kernel to a version that includes the fix for the per\u2011CPU page allocator lock bug.", "If an update is not immediately possible, reconfigure the system to run with SMP enabled so that the affected code path is not used.", "Continuously monitor kernel logs for signs of pcp corruption or kernel crashes and apply updates promptly when they become available."], "summary": {"action": "Immediate patch", "impact": "Kernel memory corruption"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "All Linux kernel releases that include the code paths vulnerable to SMP=n, specifically the 6.19 series from release candidate 1 through 8 and the 6.2 series and earlier. The problem is present in any configuration where the kernel was built with SMP disabled.", "description_and_impact": "The Linux kernel contains a bug in the per\u2011CPU page allocator that occurs when SMP is disabled (SMP=n). In this configuration a spinlock trylock can fail inside a critical section, causing corruption of the per\u2011cpu page allocator structure. This corruption can lead to kernel crashes or, if successfully exploited, compromise kernel integrity by a malicious user with local access.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The vulnerability has a CVSS score of 7.8 (High) and an EPSS score of less than 1%, indicating low probability of exploitation in the wild at this time. It is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog. Exploitation would require local access and would likely involve triggering a kernel crash or manipulating kernel memory. The attack vector is therefore limited to environments where the system is configured without SMP and an attacker can execute privileged code."}}}}, "created": "2026-04-18T14:30:02.943524+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-18T14:30:02.943540+00:00", "vendors": []}