{"dataType": "CVE_RECORD", "dataVersion": "5.2", "cveMetadata": {"cveId": "CVE-2026-23354", "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "state": "PUBLISHED", "assignerShortName": "Linux", "dateReserved": "2026-01-13T15:37:46.000Z", "datePublished": "2026-03-25T10:27:38.825Z", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:05:14.621Z"}, "containers": {"cna": {"providerMetadata": {"orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "shortName": "Linux", "dateUpdated": "2026-05-11T22:05:14.621Z"}, "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/fred: Correct speculative safety in fred_extint()\n\narray_index_nospec() is no use if the result gets spilled to the stack, as\nit makes the believed safe-under-speculation value subject to memory\npredictions.\n\nFor all practical purposes, this means array_index_nospec() must be used in\nthe expression that accesses the array.\n\nAs the code currently stands, it's the wrong side of irqentry_enter(), and\n'index' is put into %ebp across the function call.\n\nRemove the index variable and reposition array_index_nospec(), so it's\ncalculated immediately before the array access."}], "affected": [{"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "unaffected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c"], "versions": [{"version": "14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb", "lessThan": "3bc5887b0a2b06d2d9c22f1f4f8500490b3ae643", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb", "lessThan": "e58f1a9b0677de24dcfee0b21393446ec92ff120", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb", "lessThan": "92caa5274b99cb6729177232a029ce0dfa6c5f7b", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}, {"version": "14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb", "lessThan": "aa280a08e7d8fae58557acc345b36b3dc329d595", "status": "affected", "versionType": "git"}]}, {"product": "Linux", "vendor": "Linux", "defaultStatus": "affected", "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git", "programFiles": ["arch/x86/entry/entry_fred.c"], "versions": [{"version": "6.9", "status": "affected"}, {"version": "0", "lessThan": "6.9", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.12.77", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.18.17", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "6.19.7", "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "semver"}, {"version": "7.0", "lessThanOrEqual": "*", "status": "unaffected", "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"}]}], "cpeApplicability": [{"nodes": [{"operator": "OR", "negate": false, "cpeMatch": [{"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.77"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.17"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.9", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.7"}, {"vulnerable": true, "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "versionStartIncluding": "6.9", "versionEndExcluding": "7.0"}]}]}], "references": [{"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bc5887b0a2b06d2d9c22f1f4f8500490b3ae643"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e58f1a9b0677de24dcfee0b21393446ec92ff120"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92caa5274b99cb6729177232a029ce0dfa6c5f7b"}, {"url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa280a08e7d8fae58557acc345b36b3dc329d595"}], "title": "x86/fred: Correct speculative safety in fred_extint()", "x_generator": {"engine": "bippy-1.2.0"}}}}

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{"configurations": [{"nodes": [{"cpeMatch": [{"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "6BF58074-7CF5-43A3-A4ED-82674E37A312", "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.77", "versionStartIncluding": "6.9.1", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "A5E006E4-59C7-43C1-9231-62A72219F2BA", "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.17", "versionStartIncluding": "6.13", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "69245D10-0B71-485E-80C3-A64F077004D3", "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.7", "versionStartIncluding": "6.19", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:6.9:-:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "3F2A4A3D-068A-4CF2-A09F-9C7937DDB0A5", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc1:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F253B622-8837-4245-BCE5-A7BF8FC76A16", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "4AE85AD8-4641-4E7C-A2F4-305E2CD9EE64", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "F666C8D8-6538-46D4-B318-87610DE64C34", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "02259FDA-961B-47BC-AE7F-93D7EC6E90C2", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "58A9FEFF-C040-420D-8F0A-BFDAAA1DF258", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc6:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "1D2315C0-D46F-4F85-9754-F9E5E11374A6", "vulnerable": true}, {"criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:7.0:rc7:*:*:*:*:*:*", "matchCriteriaId": "512EE3A8-A590-4501-9A94-5D4B268D6138", "vulnerable": true}], "negate": false, "operator": "OR"}]}], "cveTags": [], "descriptions": [{"lang": "en", "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nx86/fred: Correct speculative safety in fred_extint()\n\narray_index_nospec() is no use if the result gets spilled to the stack, as\nit makes the believed safe-under-speculation value subject to memory\npredictions.\n\nFor all practical purposes, this means array_index_nospec() must be used in\nthe expression that accesses the array.\n\nAs the code currently stands, it's the wrong side of irqentry_enter(), and\n'index' is put into %ebp across the function call.\n\nRemove the index variable and reposition array_index_nospec(), so it's\ncalculated immediately before the array access."}, {"lang": "es", "value": "En el kernel de Linux, la siguiente vulnerabilidad ha sido resuelta:\n\nx86/fred: Corregir la seguridad especulativa en fred_extint()\n\narray_index_nospec() no sirve de nada si el resultado se vuelca a la pila, ya que hace que el valor considerado seguro bajo especulaci\u00f3n est\u00e9 sujeto a predicciones de memoria.\n\nPara todos los prop\u00f3sitos pr\u00e1cticos, esto significa que array_index_nospec() debe usarse en la expresi\u00f3n que accede al array.\n\nTal como est\u00e1 el c\u00f3digo actualmente, est\u00e1 en el lado incorrecto de irqentry_enter(), y 'index' se coloca en %ebp a trav\u00e9s de la llamada a la funci\u00f3n.\n\nEliminar la variable index y reposicionar array_index_nospec(), para que se calcule inmediatamente antes del acceso al array."}], "id": "CVE-2026-23354", "lastModified": "2026-04-24T19:15:42.007", "metrics": {"cvssMetricV31": [{"cvssData": {"attackComplexity": "LOW", "attackVector": "LOCAL", "availabilityImpact": "HIGH", "baseScore": 7.8, "baseSeverity": "HIGH", "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH", "integrityImpact": "HIGH", "privilegesRequired": "LOW", "scope": "UNCHANGED", "userInteraction": "NONE", "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H", "version": "3.1"}, "exploitabilityScore": 1.8, "impactScore": 5.9, "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}, "published": "2026-03-25T11:16:33.963", "references": [{"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bc5887b0a2b06d2d9c22f1f4f8500490b3ae643"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/92caa5274b99cb6729177232a029ce0dfa6c5f7b"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aa280a08e7d8fae58557acc345b36b3dc329d595"}, {"source": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "tags": ["Patch"], "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e58f1a9b0677de24dcfee0b21393446ec92ff120"}], "sourceIdentifier": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67", "vulnStatus": "Analyzed", "weaknesses": [{"description": [{"lang": "en", "value": "CWE-129"}], "source": "nvd@nist.gov", "type": "Primary"}]}

{"bugzilla": {"description": "kernel: x86/fred: Correct speculative safety in fred_extint()", "id": "2451232", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451232"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "5.5", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-1037", "details": ["A flaw was found in the Linux kernel. This vulnerability affects the handling of speculative execution, a technique used by modern processors to improve performance. A protection mechanism intended to prevent information leakage can be bypassed when its result is temporarily stored in memory, making it vulnerable to memory prediction attacks. This could allow a local attacker to potentially gain access to sensitive information or circumvent security safeguards."], "name": "CVE-2026-23354", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10", "fix_state": "Fix deferred", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "kernel-rt", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9"}], "public_date": "2026-03-25T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-23354\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-23354\nhttps://lore.kernel.org/linux-cve-announce/2026032537-CVE-2026-23354-d9b2@gregkh/T"], "statement": "This flaw affects x86 systems using FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery) interrupt handling. The array_index_nospec() protection is ineffective when the sanitized value is spilled to stack before the array access, making it vulnerable to memory prediction attacks. FRED is a newer x86 feature not present on all systems, and exploiting this requires sophisticated speculative execution attacks.", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}

{"affected": [{"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb,3bc5887b0a2b06d2d9c22f1f4f8500490b3ae643)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb,e58f1a9b0677de24dcfee0b21393446ec92ff120)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb,92caa5274b99cb6729177232a029ce0dfa6c5f7b)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "code_commit", "value": "[14619d912b658ecd9573fb88400d3830a29cadcb,aa280a08e7d8fae58557acc345b36b3dc329d595)"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}, {"configurations": [{"platform": null, "status": "affected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "6.9"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "generic", "value": "[0,6.9)"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.12.77,6.13.0]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.18.17,6.19.0]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[6.19.7,7.0.0]"}}, {"platform": null, "status": "unaffected", "versions": {"scheme": "semver", "value": "[7.0-rc2,*]"}}], "enrichment": {"confidence": 99.0, "confidence_source": "inferred", "scores": [{"score": 99.0, "source": "inferred"}, {"score": 100.0, "source": "matching"}]}, "original": {"product": "Linux", "source": "cna", "vendor": "Linux"}, "product": "linux_kernel", "vendor": "linux"}], "analysis": {"en": {"generated_at": "2026-04-28T17:06:27.069753+00:00", "value": {"mitigation_remediation": ["Update the Linux kernel to a version that includes the patch referenced in the advisory URLs.", "Re\u2011compile affected kernel modules (e.g., fred) with the updated source to ensure array_index_nospec() is repositioned before array access.", "Apply temporary kernel mitigations such as enabling kernel\u2011level sandboxing (SELinux/AppArmor) to restrict execution of untrusted code that might trigger the vulnerable interrupt path."], "summary": {"action": "Apply Patch", "impact": "Speculative data leakage"}, "threat_synthesis": {"affected_systems": "The flaw exists in the x86/fred code of every Linux kernel that has not applied the upstream patch identified in the advisory references. No specific distribution or vendor is listed beyond the generic Linux kernel; therefore any machine running a vulnerable kernel revision is a potential target.", "description_and_impact": "The Linux kernel\u2019s x86/fred interrupt handler contains an issue where the helper function array_index_nospec() is executed before an index value is stored on the stack, exposing a speculative value that should remain hidden. This can allow a side\u2011channel that leaks kernel data during speculative execution, without providing arbitrary code execution or direct compromise.", "risk_and_exploitability": "The CVSS score of 7.8 indicates high severity. An EPSS score below 1% and absence from the CISA KEV catalog suggest a low likelihood of near\u2011term exploitation. The attack vector appears to require triggering the vulnerable interrupt path, likely from a local or privileged context, and would primarily provide speculative data leakage rather than full code execution."}}}}, "created": "2026-03-25T21:32:01.272696+00:00", "updated": "2026-04-28T17:15:21.240921+00:00", "vendors": ["linux", "linux$PRODUCT$linux_kernel"]}